DATA COMPRESSION IN BLACK-GRAY-WHITE BARCODING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2020-1-13Keywords:
Тextual Data Protection, Automated Data Capture, Barcoding, 2D Barcode, Tricolor Barcode, Grayscale Barcode, Black-Gray-White Barcode.Abstract
Context. In this paper the authors propose a method for data compression to be used for presenting information in the form of 2D matrix barcode. The proposed method is based on both a structural-logical approach and using three colors in a barcode instead of two colors as it is in standard black-and-white barcodes. This approach allows to increase data density keeping the same area as bicolor barcodes take. In the paper authors present the data compression method and demonstrate the barcoding technology.
Objective. The goal of the work is to develop a method of data barcoding that would allow to encode more information in the form of 2D matrix barcode.
Method. The method of tricolor matrix barcoding with compression is proposed. The main idea of the method is to compress input textual information on the stage of alphanumeric sequence transformation into a set of barcode patterns, which will form a resulting barcode symbol. It is possible due to intermediate transformation of input characters from initial notation, which is determined by cardinality of an input alphabet, to a notation defined by cardinality of barcode patterns alphabet. Choice of the input alphabet influences overall compression, and it is an important step of the method to choose the initial alphabets for the textual information to be encoded. Use of three colors over standard two colors is also an important component for creating a barcode symbol with increased informational density. As ternary notation is used, the second transformation from the intermediate notation to the ternary one provides more compression. The proposed method allows to represent more textual data in a single barcode symbol than bicolor barcoding approaches do.
Results. The method of tricolor matrix barcoding with compression has been developed and described. Authors provided an example of the method implementation on test data that had been barcoded using the method.
Conclusions. The experiments conducted for this research have confirmed that the proposed method provides more informational density as compared with black-and-white matrix barcodes. The prospects for further research might include studying noise immunity issue in order to guarantee error-free scanning and increased reliability of the barcode, and extending the barcoding software to be used in any alphabet.
References
Forrest P. J., Campbell M. J., Fullerton T. J., Celentano M. J., Brewer R. K. U.S. Patent 6,049,781. Relocation tracking system and method /; applicant HP Enterprise Services LLC. No. US08/634,479 ; appdate 18.04.1996 ; pubdate 11.04.2000.
Sriram Th., et al. Applications of barcode technology in automated storage and retrieval systems, Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation : The 22nd International Conference, 9 August 1996 : proceedings. Taipei, IEEE IECON, 1996, Vol. 1.
Sun H.-Y. The application of barcode technology in logistics and warehouse management, Education Technology and Computer Science : The First International Workshop, 7–8 March 2009 : proceedings. Wuhan, IEEE, 2009, Vol. 3.
Kaminsky M. A., Choi J., Lim S., Palmer M. C. U.S. Patent USD710362S1. Barcode scanning device; applicant Motorola Solutions Inc. No. US29/458,380 ; appdate 19.06.2013 ; pubdate 05.08.2014.
Bridgelall R., Katz J., Goren D., Dvorkis P., Li Y. U.S. Patent US5988508A. Laser scanning system and scanning method for reading 1-D and 2-D barcode symbols /; applicant Symbol Technologies LLC. No. US08/871,615 ; appdate 10.06.1997 ; pubdate 23.11.1999.
Grillo A., Lentini A. et al. High Capacity Colored Two Dimensional Codes, Computer Science and Information Technology : The International Multiconference, 18–20 October 2010, proceedings. Wisla, IEEE, 2010, pp. 709–716.
High capacity color barcodes [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/hccb/.
Cattrone P. U.S. Patent US7478746B2. Two-dimensional color barcode and method of generating and decoding the same /; applicant Konica Minolta Laboratory USA Inc. No. US11/444,288 ; appdate 31.05.2006 ; pubdate 06.12.2007.
Barrus J., Wolff G. J.; U.S. Patent US7150399B2. Embedding barcode data in an auxiliary field of an image file / applicant Ricoh Co Ltd. No. US10/865,584 ; appdate 09.06.2004 ; pubdate 15.12.2005.
Bagherinia H., Manduchi R. A theory of color barcodes, Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops) : International Conference, 6–13 November 2011 : proceedings. Barcelona, IEEE, 2011.
Querini M., Grillo A. et al. 2D Color Barcodes for Mobile Phones, International Journal of Computer Science and Applications, 2011, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 135–155.
Bulan O., Monga V., Sharma G. High capacity color barcodes using dot orientation and color separability, Media Forensics and Security : Symposium, 19–21 January 2009 : proceedings. San Jose, SPIE, 2009, Vol. 7254.
Parikh D., Jancke G. Localization and segmentation of a 2D high capacity color barcode, Applications of Computer Vision : The IEEE Workshop, 7–9 January 2008 : proceedings. Copper Mountain, IEEE, 2008.
Bulan O., Monga V., Sharma G. U.S. Patent US8100330B2. Method for encoding and decoding data in a color barcode pattern; applicant Xerox Corp. No. US12/436,456 ; appdate 06.05.2009 ; pubdate 11.11.2010.
Hao T., Zhou R., Xing G. COBRA: Color barcode streaming for smartphone systems, Mobile systems, applications, and services (MobiSys '12) : The 10th International Conference, 25–29 June 2012 : proceedings. Low Wood Bay, ACM, 2012, pp. 85–98.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 I. Dychka, M. Onai, Ol. Sulema
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Licensing Notifications in the Copyright Notices
The journal allows the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
The journal allows readers to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of its articles.
The journal allows to reuse and remixing of its content, in accordance with a Creative Commons license СС BY -SA.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
-
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY-SA that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
-
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
-
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
